examples4

id: 14573

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

question: Would you find the word lest on a dictionary page with the following guide words? liner - local

choice: (A) no (B) yes

context: N/A

answer: A

rationale: To answer this question, I will first need to understand the context and the information provided. The question asks if the word "lest" can be found on a dictionary page with the guide words "liner" and "local." The guide words indicate the first and last word on the page, and the other words are arranged in alphabetical order between them. To determine if "lest" can be found on the page, I will need to check if the word starts with a letter that comes before or after the letters "lin" and "loc" in the alphabet. I will also need to consider if the word is shorter than the other words on the page. Step 1: Check if the first letter of "lest" is before or after "lin" and "loc" in the alphabet. * "L" comes before "lin" and "loc" in the alphabet, so "lest" would be expected to appear before "liner" and "local" on the page. Step 2: Check if the word "lest" is shorter than the other words on the page. * Since "lest" has fewer letters than "liner" and "local," it is likely to appear before these words in the alphabetical order. Based on the information provided and the steps outlined above, the answer to the question is likely to be "yes" - "lest" can be found on the dictionary page with the guide words "liner" and "local."

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to understand and apply the concept of alphabetical order. This skill involves being able to arrange words in a list in a specific order based on their first letters, and then comparing the remaining letters to determine the final order. In addition to alphabetical order, the ability to analyze and interpret information from context is also important. This includes understanding the meaning of words and phrases, as well as being able to make logical deductions based on the information provided. Overall, the skill required to solve this question involves a combination of language skills, critical thinking, and the ability to apply rules and concepts to solve problems.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since lest is not between the guide words liner - local, it would not be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

id: 16130

lecture: When writing, make sure to avoid vague pronoun references. A vague pronoun reference occurs when a pronoun could refer to more than one possible antecedent. When Lisa and Kim finally landed, she breathed a sigh of relief. The pronoun she could refer to either Lisa or Kim, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. Vague pronoun references can be corrected in one of two ways: 1. Replace the pronoun with its correct antecedent: When Lisa and Kim finally landed, Lisa breathed a sigh of relief. 2. Rewrite the sentence: Lisa breathed a sigh of relief when she and Kim finally landed. A vague pronoun reference also occurs when they, them, their, theirs, it, or its is used without its antecedent. They say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes. The pronoun they is used without its antecedent, so the meaning of the sentence is unclear. This problem can be fixed by replacing the pronoun with its missing antecedent. The advertisements say that this nail polish dries in less than five minutes.

question: Which of the following contains a vague pronoun reference?

choice: (A) "This morning, it said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro," Kevin remarked to his sister. (B) "This morning, the newspaper said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro," Kevin remarked to his sister.

context: N/A

answer: A

rationale: To determine which of the given options contains a vague pronoun reference, we need to analyze the sentence structure and identify any pronouns that could potentially refer to more than one antecedent. Option A: "This morning, it said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro," Kevin remarked to his sister. * The pronoun "it" is used, but its antecedent is clear from the context ("This morning"). Option B: "This morning, the newspaper said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro," Kevin remarked to his sister. * The pronoun "the" is used, but it is clear from the context that it refers to "newspaper." Both options do not contain a vague pronoun reference. Therefore, neither option is correct.

generated_skill: To solve this question, the required skill is the ability to identify vague pronoun references in a given sentence or passage. This involves understanding the proper use of pronouns and their relationship to their antecedents, as well as the ability to analyze sentence structure to identify any potential ambiguities. Additionally, the skill requires knowledge of how to correct vague pronoun references, either by replacing the pronoun with its correct antecedent or by rephrasing the sentence to eliminate the ambiguity. This skill is important for effective communication and clear writing, as it helps to avoid confusion and misinterpretation.

solution: The second answer choice contains a vague pronoun reference. The pronoun it is used without its antecedent. The first answer choice shows a possible correction for the vague pronoun reference. It has been replaced with the newspaper. "This morning, the newspaper said that Alice Cheng won the mayoral election in Hillsboro," Kevin remarked to his sister.

skill: Identify vague pronoun references

id: 16922

lecture: All organisms have pieces of hereditary material called genes, which are passed from parents to offspring. Genes contain instructions for building the parts of an organism. An organism's genes affect its observable traits, including its appearance, its behavior, and which diseases it may have. Genes may have different alleles, or forms, that can cause different versions of a trait. For example, flower color is a trait in pea plants. The gene for this trait has two possible alleles. Each allele is represented by an uppercase or lowercase letter. The allele F is for purple flowers, and the allele f is for white flowers. Each pea plant has two alleles for the flower color gene—one allele inherited from each parent. An organism's genotype for a gene is its combination of alleles for that gene. So, a pea plant may have a genotype of FF, Ff, or ff for the flower color gene. An organism's phenotype for a trait is its observable version of that trait, which depends on the organism's combination of alleles. A pea plant may have a phenotype of purple flowers or white flowers for the flower color trait. Some traits, like flower color in pea plants, are controlled by a single gene. Most plants and animals have a genotype made up of two alleles for these traits. These two alleles determine whether an organism is homozygous or heterozygous for the gene. An organism with two identical alleles for a gene is homozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype FF or ff is homozygous for the flower color gene. An organism with two different alleles for a gene is heterozygous for that gene. A pea plant with the genotype Ff is heterozygous for the flower color gene. The types of alleles in an organism's genotype determine the organism's phenotype. Some alleles have types called dominant and recessive. These two types can cause different versions of a trait to appear as the organism's phenotype. A dominant allele causes its version of the trait to appear even when the organism also has a recessive allele for the gene. In pea plants, the F allele, which causes purple flowers, is dominant over the f allele. A pea plant with at least one F allele will have the F allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype FF or Ff will have purple flowers. A recessive allele causes its version of the trait to appear only when the organism does not have any dominant alleles for the gene. In pea plants, the f allele, which causes white flowers, is recessive to the F allele. A pea plant with only f alleles will have the f allele's version of the flower color trait. So, a plant with the genotype ff will have white flowers.

question: Based on this information, what is Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait?

choice: (A) not having a graying coat (B) having a graying coat

context: This passage describes the coat graying trait in horses: In a group of horses, some individuals have coat graying and others do not. In this group, the gene for the coat graying trait has two alleles. The allele for not having a graying coat (g) is recessive to the allele for having a graying coat (G). Maverick is a horse from this group. Maverick has the heterozygous genotype Gg for the coat graying gene.

answer: B

rationale: To determine Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait, we need to consider the following information: 1. The gene for the coat graying trait has two alleles. 2. The allele for not having a graying coat (g) is recessive to the allele for having a graying coat (G). 3. Maverick has the heterozygous genotype Gg for the coat graying gene. To find Maverick's phenotype, we need to determine whether the G allele is dominant or recessive. Since the allele for not having a graying coat (g) is recessive to the allele for having a graying coat (G), we can conclude that the G allele is dominant. Now, we need to determine the phenotype for an organism with a heterozygous genotype (Gg). If the G allele is dominant, the organism will express the dominant version of the trait, which is having a graying coat. Therefore, Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait is having a graying coat. So, the answer is (B) having a graying coat.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to apply genetic principles to determine an organism's phenotype for a particular trait. This involves understanding the concept of alleles and genotypes, as well as the dominant and recessive alleles and their effects on an organism's phenotype. The ability to analyze and interpret information from a passage describing the genetics of a trait is also important. Additionally, the skill of using logical reasoning to determine the phenotype of an organism based on its genotype is crucial. Overall, this question requires a combination of genetic knowledge, logical reasoning, and the ability to apply this knowledge to a specific scenario.

solution: You need to determine Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait. First, consider the alleles in Maverick's genotype for the coat graying gene. Then, decide whether these alleles are dominant or recessive. The allele for not having a graying coat (g) is recessive to the allele for having a graying coat (G). This means G is a dominant allele, and g is a recessive allele. Maverick's genotype of Gg has one dominant allele and one recessive allele. An organism with at least one dominant allele for a gene will have the dominant allele's version of the trait. So, Maverick's phenotype for the coat graying trait must be having a graying coat.

skill: Genetics vocabulary: dominant and recessive

id: 17913

lecture: Igneous rock is formed when melted rock cools and hardens into solid rock. This type of change can occur at Earth's surface or below it. Sedimentary rock is formed when layers of sediment are pressed together to make rock. This type of change occurs below Earth's surface. Metamorphic rock is formed when a rock is changed by heating and squeezing. This type of change often occurs deep below Earth's surface. Over time, the old rock becomes a new rock with different properties.

question: What type of rock is rhyolite?

choice: (A) sedimentary (B) igneous

context: Rhyolite is a type of rock. When melted rock cools at the earth's surface, it can form rhyolite. Rhyolite is usually light-colored.

answer: B

rationale: To determine the type of rock, we need to consider the process by which it was formed. In the image, the rock is described as a light-colored rock that has been melted and cooled at the earth's surface. This suggests that it is an igneous rock, as it has formed from melted rock that has cooled and hardened. Therefore, the answer is (B) igneous.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to identify the type of rock based on its formation process. This involves understanding the differences between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and being able to apply this knowledge to a given image or description of a rock. The ability to reason through the available information and make a logical conclusion based on the given context is also important. This skill is typically developed through studying geology and gaining experience in identifying different types of rocks in various settings.

solution: Rhyolite is an igneous rock. Like other igneous rocks, it forms when melted rock cools and hardens. Melted rock is a hot, thick liquid. As melted rock cools, solid mineral grains begin to form. When the melted rock becomes solid, it forms igneous rock. The word igneous comes from the Latin word ignis, which means fire.

skill: Classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic

id: 18347

lecture: A planet's volume tells you the size of the planet. The primary composition of a planet is what the planet is made mainly of. In our solar system, planets are made mainly of rock, gas, or ice.

question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.

choice: (A) false (B) true

context: Use the data to answer the question below.

answer: B

rationale: To determine whether the statement is true or false, we need to compare the volumes of Saturn and Jupiter. The table provided contains the volumes of various planets in our solar system. 1. First, we need to find the volumes of Saturn and Jupiter. 2. Next, we compare the volumes of Saturn and Jupiter. If Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume, the statement is true. If Saturn's volume is less than 50% of Jupiter's volume, the statement is false. 3. Finally, we can determine whether the statement is true or false based on the comparison of the volumes.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to analyze and compare numerical data. This involves understanding the concept of volume and being able to interpret the given data to make accurate comparisons between the volumes of Saturn and Jupiter. Additionally, having a basic understanding of our solar system and the primary compositions of the planets would be helpful in understanding the context of the statement and making an informed decision about its validity.

solution: To determine if this statement is true, calculate the value of 50% of Jupiter's volume by multiplying Jupiter's volume by 0.5. Then compare the result to the volume of Saturn. The volume of Saturn is 827,130 billion km^3, which is more than 715,640 billion km^3. So, Saturn's volume is more than 50% of Jupiter's volume.

skill: Analyze data to compare properties of planets

id: 18531

lecture: All solids, liquids, and gases are made of matter. Matter is made up of tiny particles that are always moving. The energy from the motion of these particles is called thermal energy. Temperature measures how hot or cold matter is. If the particles in matter move faster, the temperature goes up. The matter now has both more thermal energy and a higher temperature.

question: Which object has the most thermal energy?

choice: (A) a cookie at a temperature of 12°C (B) a cookie at a temperature of 10°C (C) a cookie at a temperature of 13°C

context: The objects are identical except for their temperatures.

answer: C

rationale: To determine which object has the most thermal energy, we need to first identify the temperature of each object. The options given are: (A) a cookie at a temperature of 12°C (B) a cookie at a temperature of 10°C (C) a cookie at a temperature of 13°C Based on the context provided, we know that the objects are identical except for their temperatures. Therefore, we can assume that the cookies have the same composition and density. Next, we need to understand that thermal energy is directly proportional to the temperature of an object. This means that the higher the temperature of an object, the more thermal energy it has. Now, we can compare the temperatures of the objects to determine which one has the most thermal energy. The temperature of object (A) is 12°C, the temperature of object (B) is 10°C, and the temperature of object (C) is 13°C. Comparing the temperatures, we can see that object (C) has the highest temperature, followed by object (B), and then object (A). Therefore, object (C) has the most thermal energy. So, the answer is (C) a cookie at a temperature of 13°C.

generated_skill: To solve this question, the specific skill required is the ability to understand and apply the concept of thermal energy and its relationship with temperature. This includes understanding that thermal energy is the energy from the motion of particles in matter, and that the temperature of an object measures how hot or cold the matter is. Additionally, the skill requires the ability to analyze and compare temperatures in order to determine which object has the most thermal energy. This involves recognizing that thermal energy is directly proportional to temperature, and using this relationship to make a comparison between the objects. Overall, this question requires a combination of scientific knowledge and analytical thinking skills. It tests the ability to understand and apply basic principles of thermodynamics, as well as the ability to make logical comparisons and draw conclusions based on those comparisons.

solution: All three cookies have the same mass but different temperatures. Since the 13°C cookie is the hottest, it has the most thermal energy.

skill: How is temperature related to thermal energy?

id: 19119

lecture: Similes and metaphors are figures of speech that compare two things that are not actually alike. A simile compares two things by saying that one is like the other. Similes often use the words like and as. My sister runs like a cheetah. The sister's running and a cheetah's running are compared using the word like. A cheetah is known for running fast, so the simile means that the sister also runs fast. The cat's fur was as dark as the night. The cat's fur and the night are compared using the word as. The night is dark, so the simile means that the cat's fur is also dark. A metaphor compares two things by saying that one of them is the other. Unlike similes, metaphors don't use the word like or as. The snow formed a blanket over the town. The snow and a blanket are compared without the word like or as. A blanket is a large piece of cloth that completely covers a bed. The metaphor makes the reader imagine that the snow becomes a blanket, covering the town completely. Using similes and metaphors in your writing can help you create an interesting picture for the reader.

question: Does the sentence use a simile or a metaphor? On some summer days, the attic heats up like an oven.

choice: (A) metaphor (B) simile

context: N/A

answer: B

rationale: To determine whether the sentence "On some summer days, the attic heats up like an oven." uses a simile or a metaphor, we need to analyze the sentence and compare it to the definitions of similes and metaphors. Step 1: Identify the sentence's comparison. The sentence compares the attic heating up to an oven. Step 2: Determine if the comparison is made using "like" or "as". The comparison is made using "like", as the sentence says "heats up like an oven." Step 3: Check if the comparison is explicit or implicit. The comparison is explicit, as the sentence directly states that the attic heats up "like an oven." Step 4: Consider if the comparison is literal or figurative. The comparison is figurative, as the attic is not actually an oven, but the sentence is using the oven as a reference point to describe how hot the attic is. Step 5: Compare the sentence to the definitions of similes and metaphors. The sentence uses a simile, as it compares two things by saying that one is like the other, using the word "like." Similes often use the words "like" and "as" to make comparisons. Therefore, the answer is (B) simile.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to analyze and compare language using logical reasoning. This skill involves breaking down a sentence or passage into its individual parts and examining the relationships between those parts. In this case, the skill involves identifying the comparison made in the sentence, determining if it is explicit or implicit, and comparing it to the definitions of similes and metaphors to determine the correct answer. This type of analysis requires attention to detail, critical thinking, and an understanding of figurative language.

solution: On some summer days, the attic heats up like an oven. The words attic and oven are compared using the word like. So, the sentence uses a simile.

skill: Identify similes and metaphors

id: 19137

lecture: Measurements are written with both a number and a unit. The unit comes after the number. The unit shows what the number means. Imagine being told that a pencil is 8 long. You might be thinking, 8 what? Is the pencil 8 inches long? 8 feet? 8 miles? The number 8 on its own does not give you much information about the length of the pencil. That is because the units are missing. Now look at the drawing of the pencil and the ruler. The ruler shows that the units are inches. So, the length of the pencil is 8 inches. There are 12 inches in 1 foot. So, 1 inch is much shorter than 1 foot. There are 3 feet in 1 yard. So, 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard.

question: How long is a kitchen table?

choice: (A) 10 feet (B) 10 yards

context: Select the better estimate.

answer: A

rationale: To answer the question "How long is a kitchen table?", we need to first understand the context and the information given. The question states that we need to select the better estimate, so we should compare the given options (A) 10 feet and (B) 10 yards to the information provided. We are given that measurements are written with both a number and a unit, and that the unit shows what the number means. In this case, the unit is inches. We are also given that there are 12 inches in 1 foot and 3 feet in 1 yard. This means that 1 inch is shorter than 1 foot and 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard. Using this information, we can compare the given options: * Option (A) 10 feet is equal to 10 \* 12 = 120 inches * Option (B) 10 yards is equal to 10 \* 3 = 30 feet Since 1 foot is shorter than 1 yard, we can convert 30 feet to inches by dividing by 12: 30 feet = 30 \* 12 = 360 inches Comparing the two options, we can see that 120 inches is longer than 360 inches, so the better estimate is (A) 10 feet.

generated_skill: To solve the question "How long is a kitchen table?", the specific skill required is the ability to understand and apply basic units of measurement. This includes understanding the relationship between different units (e.g. inches, feet, yards) and being able to convert between them as needed. Additionally, the ability to analyze and compare measurements is necessary to determine the better estimate. This skill is important in many everyday situations, such as when making purchases, planning projects, or understanding instructions.

solution: The better estimate for the length of a kitchen table is 10 feet. 10 yards is too long.

skill: Choose customary units of distance

id: 19980

lecture: Maps have four cardinal directions, or main directions. Those directions are north, south, east, and west. A compass rose is a set of arrows that point to the cardinal directions. A compass rose usually shows only the first letter of each cardinal direction. The north arrow points to the North Pole. On most maps, north is at the top of the map.

question: Which of these states is farthest west?

choice: (A) Kansas (B) Kentucky (C) Oregon (D) Arizona

context: N/A

answer: C

rationale: To determine which of these states is farthest west, we need to consider the cardinal directions and the locations of the states on the map. 1. First, we need to identify the cardinal directions on the map. 2. Next, we can look at the locations of the states on the map. 3. We can then compare the locations of the states to determine which one is farthest west. Based on the map, we can see that the states are located in the central and eastern parts of the United States. 1. Arizona is in the southwest, which is the farthest west of the four states. 2. Kentucky is in the southeast, which is to the east of Arizona. 3. Kansas is in the central part of the United States, which is to the west of Kentucky. 4. Oregon is in the northwest, which is to the west of Kansas. Therefore, the answer is (C) Oregon, as it is the farthest west of the four states.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to analyze and interpret geographical information from a map. This includes understanding the cardinal directions, identifying the locations of states on the map, and comparing the distances between those locations to determine which state is farthest west. This skill is essential for various purposes, such as navigation, understanding regional geography, and making informed decisions about travel or relocation. It can also be useful in fields like geography, cartography, and urban planning, where a deep understanding of spatial relationships and patterns is crucial for effective decision-making and problem-solving.

solution: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. Oregon is farthest west.

skill: Read a map: cardinal directions

id: 20374

question: Which of these states is farthest west?

choice: (A) Connecticut (B) New Jersey (C) North Dakota (D) Maryland

context: N/A

answer: C

rationale: To determine which state is farthest west, we need to identify the cardinal direction of west. The west arrow on a compass rose points to the West Pole. 1. Identify the cardinal direction of west: The west arrow on a compass rose points to the West Pole. 2. Determine which state is located in the west direction: To find the state that is farthest west, we need to look for the state that is located in the west direction. 3. Compare the states: We have four options: (A) Connecticut, (B) New Jersey, (C) North Dakota, and (D) Maryland. 4. Choose the farthest west state: Based on the cardinal direction of west, we can conclude that (C) North Dakota is the farthest west among the given options.

generated_skill: The specific skill required to solve this question is the ability to understand and apply cardinal directions and compass rose concepts. This skill involves recognizing the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west) and their corresponding arrows on a compass rose. Additionally, it requires the ability to identify the location of a state in relation to the cardinal directions and determine which state is farthest west based on that understanding. This skill is essential for navigation and understanding geographical relationships between different locations.

solution: To find the answer, look at the compass rose. Look at which way the west arrow is pointing. North Dakota is farthest west.

skill: Read a map: cardinal directions