id: 9546

lecture: In a solution, solute particles move and spread throughout the solvent. The diagram below shows how a solution can change over time. Solute particles move from the area where they are at a higher concentration to the area where they are at a lower concentration. This movement happens through the process of diffusion. As a result of diffusion, the concentration of solute particles becomes equal throughout the solution. When this happens, the solute particles reach equilibrium. At equilibrium, the solute particles do not stop moving. But their concentration throughout the solution stays the same. Membranes, or thin boundaries, can divide solutions into parts. A membrane is permeable to a solute when particles of the solute can pass through gaps in the membrane. In this case, solute particles can move freely across the membrane from one side to the other. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more particles will move across a permeable membrane from the side with a higher concentration of solute particles to the side with a lower concentration. At equilibrium, the concentration on both sides of the membrane is equal.

question: Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

choice: (A) to the left than to the right (B) to the right than to the left

context: The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

answer: A


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill is the ability to analyze and interpret a diagram that shows the process of diffusion in a solution. This includes understanding the movement of solute particles, the role of a permeable membrane, and the concept of equilibrium. The ability to apply this understanding to the specific context of the diagram and answer the question correctly is also important.


solution: Look at the diagram again. It shows you how the solution changed during the process of diffusion. Before the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 2 solute particles on the left side of the membrane and 6 solute particles on the right side of the membrane. When the solute particles reached equilibrium, there were 4 solute particles on each side of the membrane. There were 2 more solute particles on the left side of the membrane than before. So, for the solute particles to reach equilibrium, more solute particles must have moved across the membrane to the left than to the right.

skill: Diffusion across membranes

wrong_step_idx: 15



id: 9946

lecture: An object has different properties. A property of an object can tell you how it looks, feels, tastes, or smells. Properties can also tell you how an object will behave when something happens to it. Different objects can have properties in common. You can use these properties to put objects into groups. Grouping objects by their properties is called classification.

question: Which property do these three objects have in common?

choice: (A) soft (B) flexible (C) slippery

context: Select the best answer.

answer: C


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in the demonstration is the ability to analyze and compare properties of objects. The correct rationale involves identifying a common property among the three objects, which is being soft. The wrong rationale steps include focusing on other properties, such as flexibility and slipperiness, which are not shared by all three objects. This highlights the importance of carefully examining and comparing properties to determine commonalities among objects.


solution: Look at each object. For each object, decide if it has that property. A slippery object is hard to hold onto or stand on. All three objects are slippery. A flexible object can be folded or bent without breaking easily. The wet ice cube is not flexible. A soft object changes shape when pressed or squeezed. The butter is soft, but the wet ice cube is not. The property that all three objects have in common is slippery.

skill: Compare properties of objects

wrong_step_idx: 9



id: 9948

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

choice: (A) attract (B) repel

context: Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart.

answer: B


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill is understanding the concept of magnetic poles and how they interact with each other. In the image, the north pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet, which means that the magnets repel each other. The correct answer is (B) repel.


solution: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

skill: Identify magnets that attract or repel

wrong_step_idx: 12



id: 10017

lecture: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Temperature is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average temperature for each month. The average temperature can be used to describe the climate of a location. A line graph can be used to show the average temperature each month. Months with higher dots on the graph have higher average temperatures.

question: Which month is the hottest on average in Adelaide?

choice: (A) June, July, and August (B) April and May (C) January and February

context: Use the graph to answer the question below.

answer: C


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is the ability to accurately interpret and analyze data from a graph. The correct answer to the question is based on the average temperature trends shown in the graph, which indicates that the hottest months on average in Adelaide are January and February. The correct answer is (C) January and February.


solution: To describe the average temperature trends in Adelaide, look at the graph. Choice "Feb" is incorrect. Choice "Apr" is incorrect. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Jun" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Aug" is incorrect. Choice "Jan" is incorrect. The average temperatures in January and February are just above 20°C. These months have the highest average temperatures of all of the months. So, they are hotter than the other months.

skill: Use climate data to make predictions

wrong_step_idx: 1



id: 10256

lecture: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

question: Which solution has a higher concentration of green particles?

choice: (A) Solution A (B) Solution B (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

context: The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each green ball represents one particle of solute.

answer: B


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in the demonstration is the ability to accurately calculate and compare the concentration of solute particles in each solution based on the given volume of solvent. The correct rationale involves using the concentration formula and comparing the number of green particles per milliliter in each solution to determine which solution has a higher concentration of green particles. The wrong rationale steps did not accurately calculate the concentration of solute particles in each solution, leading to an incorrect answer.


solution: In Solution A and Solution B, the green particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of green particles, look at both the number of green particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of green particles per milliliter. Solution B has more green particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of green particles.

skill: Compare concentrations of solutions

wrong_step_idx: 11



id: 10337

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater when there is a smaller distance between the magnets.

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

answer: A


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is the understanding of the relationship between the distance between magnets and the magnitude of the magnetic force. The student may not be able to accurately determine the strength of the magnetic force between two magnets based on their distance and shape. This skill is essential for understanding the behavior of magnets and their interactions with other magnets.


solution: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a smaller distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is greater. There is a smaller distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

skill: Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

wrong_step_idx: 14



id: 10523

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

answer: A


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is understanding the relationship between the distance between magnets and the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. The image shows two pairs of magnets, and the magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. The magnets in Pair 1 repel, while the magnets in Pair 2 attract. However, the distance between the magnets affects the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. Therefore, the answer is A, as the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.


solution: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 2 than in Pair 1. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.

skill: Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

wrong_step_idx: 14



id: 10649

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

answer: A


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is the ability to analyze and compare the magnetic forces between different pairs of magnets. This requires understanding the relationship between the strength of the magnetic force and the distance between the magnets, as well as the ability to observe and compare the distances between the magnets in each pair. Additionally, it is important to be able to accurately measure and quantify the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair to determine which pair has a stronger magnetic force.


solution: Both magnet sizes and distance affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. The sizes of the magnets in Pair 1 are the same as in Pair 2. The distance between the magnets is also the same. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

skill: Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

wrong_step_idx: 10



id: 10661

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.

answer: C


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is the ability to analyze and compare the magnetic forces between different pairs of magnets based on their size, shape, and the direction of their attraction or repulsion. The correct answer is C, as the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 compared to Pair 2. This requires understanding the relationship between the size of the magnets and the strength of the magnetic force, as well as the ability to observe and interpret the direction of attraction or repulsion between the magnets in each pair.


solution: The magnets in Pair 2 attract. The magnets in Pair 1 repel. But whether the magnets attract or repel affects only the direction of the magnetic force. It does not affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force. Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material. The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them. Magnet A is the same size in both pairs. But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

skill: Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

wrong_step_idx: 16



id: 10685

lecture: A material is a type of matter. Wood, glass, metal, and plastic are common materials. Some objects are made of just one material. Most nails are made of metal. Other objects are made of more than one material. This hammer is made of metal and wood.

question: Which material is this toilet plunger made of?

choice: (A) wood (B) porcelain

context: N/A

answer: A


Rationale:

Wrong Steps:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this context is the ability to identify the materials used to make an object, such as a toilet plunger, based on its appearance and the information provided. This requires visual observation, knowledge of common materials, and the ability to differentiate between them. In this case, the toilet plunger is made of two different materials: a wooden handle and a porcelain head.


solution: Look at the picture of the toilet plunger. The toilet plunger is made of two different materials. The handle is made of wood, and the head is made of rubber. Rubber is a good material for a toilet plunger because it is flexible. The plunger can bend to the shape of the toilet.

skill: Identify multiple materials in objects

wrong_step_idx: 8