examples24

id: 14083

question: Which trait did Meiolania have? Select the trait you can observe on the fossil.

choice: (A) long, thin antennae (B) a shell on its back

context: This picture shows a fossil of an ancient animal called Meiolania. An adult Meiolania was about eight feet long.

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: The way an organism looks or acts is called a trait.
1: Scientists use fossils to learn more about the traits of ancient organisms.
2: Fossils can preserve the remains of body parts and activities.
3: A fossil of a body part, such as a tail or a wing, can tell you what an organism looked like.
4: A fossil of an organism's activities, such as a burrow or a footprint, can tell you about the organism's behavior.
5: Here are three examples of fossils and the traits that you can observe from them: This is a fossil of an animal.
6: This fossil tells you that the animal had a spiral-shaped shell.
7: This is a fossil of a plant.
8: This fossil tells you that the plant had small leaves arranged in a branched pattern.
9: This is a fossil of an animal's footprint.
10: This fossil tells you that the animal could walk on land.
11: An organism's fossil may not show all of the organism's traits.
12: This is because most body parts are destroyed during fossil formation.
13: When an organism's body turns into a fossil, only a few body parts are usually preserved.
14: The answer is A.

id: 14243

question: Which of the following organisms is the producer in this food web?

choice: (A) bear sedge (B) brown lemming (C) mushroom

context: Below is a food web from a tundra ecosystem in Nunavut, a territory in Northern Canada. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

gold answer: A

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: A food web is a model.
1: A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food.
2: Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way.
3: If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand.
4: So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food.
5: Arrows show how matter moves.
6: A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another.
7: Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism.
8: An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten.
9: The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating.
10: An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it.
11: This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web.
12: An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it.
13: This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.
14: Producers do not eat other organisms.
15: So, in a food web, producers do not have arrows pointing to them from other organisms.
16: The bear sedge does not have any arrows pointing to it.
17: So, the bear sedge is a producer.
18: The brown lemming has arrows pointing to it from the bilberry and the bear sedge.
19: So, the brown lemming is a consumer, not a producer.
20: The mushroom does not have any arrows pointing to it.
21: So, the mushroom is a producer.
22: The Arctic fox has an arrow pointing to it from the brown lemming.
23: So, the Arctic fox is a consumer, not a producer.
24: The answer is C.

id: 14248

question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? battle - bounty

choice: (A) business (B) blouse

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary.
1: They tell you the first word and last word on the page.
2: The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
3: To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters.
4: If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters.
5: If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
6: If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order.
7: For example, be comes before bed.
8: Put the words in alphabetical order.
9: Since business is between the guide words battle - bounty, it would be found on that page.
10: The answer is A.

id: 14273

question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? idea - impress

choice: (A) interpret (B) ignorant

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary.
1: They tell you the first word and last word on the page.
2: The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order.
3: To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters.
4: If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters.
5: If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.
6: If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order.
7: For example, be comes before bed.
8: Put the words in alphabetical order.
9: Since interpret is between the guide words idea - impress, it would be found on that page.
10: The answer is A.

id: 14313

question: Which specific humidity level was measured within the outlined area shown?

choice: (A) 10 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air (B) 1 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air (C) 12 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air

context: The map below shows humidity in the lower atmosphere on March 19, 2017. The map shows specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air. The outlined area shows an air mass that influenced weather in Asia on that day. Look at the map. Then, answer the question below. Data source: United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: To study air masses, scientists can use maps that show conditions within Earth's atmosphere.
1: For example, the map below uses color to show specific humidity, a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air.
2: The map's legend tells you the specific humidity level that each color represents.
3: Colors on the left in the legend represent lower specific humidity levels than colors on the right.
4: For example, areas on the map that are the darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from zero grams per kilogram (g/kg) up to two g/kg.
5: Areas that are the next darkest shade of purple have a specific humidity from two g/kg up to four g/kg.
6: Look at the colors shown within the outlined area.
7: Then, use the legend to determine which specific humidity levels those colors represent.
8: The legend tells you that this air mass contained air with specific humidity levels between 10 and 12 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air.
9: 10 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air is within this range.
10: 1 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air and 12 grams of water vapor per kilogram of air are outside of this range.
11: The answer is A.

id: 14363

question: Which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles?

choice: (A) Solution A (B) Solution B (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

context: The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each purple ball represents one particle of solute.

gold answer: C

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed.
1: In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent.
2: The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter.
3: For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution.
4: In this case, the salt is the solute.
5: The water is the solvent.
6: The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent.
7: Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent.
8: concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent In Solution A and Solution B, the purple particles represent the solute.
9: To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of purple particles, look at both the number of purple particles and the volume of the solvent in each container.
10: Use the concentration formula to find the number of purple particles per milliliter.
11: Solution A has more purple particles per milliliter.
12: So, Solution A has a higher concentration of purple particles.
13: The answer is A.

id: 14603

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

gold answer: A

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching.
1: When magnets attract, they pull together.
2: When magnets repel, they push apart.
3: These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces.
4: The strength of a force is called its magnitude.
5: The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other.
6: You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by using magnets of different sizes.
7: The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when the magnets are smaller.
8: Magnet sizes affect the magnitude of the magnetic force.
9: Imagine magnets that are the same shape and made of the same material.
10: The smaller the magnets, the smaller the magnitude of the magnetic force between them.
11: Magnet A is the same size in both pairs.
12: But Magnet B is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
13: So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2 than in Pair 1.
14: The answer is C.

id: 14687

question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? All of my friends are coming to my birthday party. If Shawna doesn't, she might as well tell me that she doesn't like me.

choice: (A) ad hominem: a personal attack against one's opponent (B) false dichotomy: an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim.
1: When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy.
2: Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
3: A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | a personal attack meant to discredit one's opponent appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something red herring | the use of a completely unrelated topic in support of a claim A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a very broad claim based on very little evidence straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against The text argues that if Shawna doesn't go to the speaker's birthday party, it means that she hates the speaker.
4: However, there may be a number of reasons why Shawna wouldn't go to the party.
5: This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as an ad hominem.
6: The answer is A.

id: 14704

question: Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.

choice: (A) 45°F (B) 65°F (C) 35°F

gold answer: C

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature.
1: Temperature can be measured in degrees.
2: The symbol for degrees is °.
3: Some thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F).
4: Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature.
5: This is a tube thermometer.
6: It has a tube filled with a red liquid.
7: There is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube.
8: The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale.
9: So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80°F.
10: Find the top of the red liquid.
11: Now look at the scale to the right.
12: The top of the red liquid is halfway between 60 and 70.
13: So, the temperature is 65°F.
14: The answer is B.

id: 14720

question: Which logical fallacy is used in the text? Companies that make huge profits must be exploiting their customers because the only way a company could make large profits is by taking advantage of their customers.

choice: (A) false causation: the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other (B) circular reasoning: an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself (C) bandwagon fallacy: the assumption that the popular choice is automatically correct

gold answer: B

wrong prediction:

Rationale:

0: A strong argument uses valid reasoning and logic in support of a claim.
1: When an argument or claim introduces irrelevant information or misrepresents the issues at hand, it may be committing a logical fallacy.
2: Logical fallacies can hurt a writer's credibility and can lead readers to draw false conclusions.
3: A logical fallacy may present irrelevant information: Fallacy | Description ad hominem | an attack against the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself appeal to nature | an argument that assumes the natural choice is always the best choice bandwagon fallacy | an argument that assumes the popular choice is always the best choice circular reasoning | an argument that supports a claim with the claim itself guilt by association | an unfair negative association with another person or group that is intended to discredit someone or something A logical fallacy may misrepresent the issues at hand: Fallacy | Description false causation | the assumption that because two things happened together, one caused the other false dichotomy | an argument that presents only two choices when more options exist hasty generalization | a broad claim based on too few observations slippery slope fallacy | the false assumption that a small first step will necessarily lead to extreme consequences straw man | a misrepresentation of an opponent's position that makes it easier to argue against The text argues that companies that make large profits must be exploiting their customers because the only way a company could make large profits is by taking advantage of their customers.
4: However, there may be other reasons a company can make large profits without exploiting their customers.
5: This illustrates a type of logical fallacy known as false causation.
6: The answer is A.