id: 16

lecture: The atmosphere is the layer of air that surrounds Earth. Both weather and climate tell you about the atmosphere. Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Weather can change quickly. For example, the temperature outside your house might get higher throughout the day. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. For example, summer temperatures in New York are usually higher than winter temperatures.

question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

choice: (A) weather (B) climate

context: Figure: Chicago. Chicago is known as The Windy City. But on average, the wind there only blows at about 10 miles per hour. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to analyze and interpret information in order to differentiate between weather and climate. The person incorrectly assumed that because the passage describes the atmosphere at a certain place and time (Chicago), it must be describing weather. However, the passage also mentions that Chicago is known as The Windy City, indicating that the wind speed there is a consistent and characteristic feature, which is more indicative of climate.

solution: Read the passage carefully. Chicago is known as The Windy City. But on average, the wind there only blows at about 10 miles per hour. The underlined part of the passage tells you about the usual wind patterns in Chicago. This passage does not describe what the weather is like on a particular day. So, this passage describes the climate.

skill: Weather and climate around the world

wrong_step_idx: 11


id: 169

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

question: Would you find the word import on a dictionary page with the following guide words? ill - industry

choice: (A) no (B) yes

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The model did not accurately follow the process of putting words in alphabetical order and determining if a word falls between the guide words.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since import is between the guide words ill - industry, it would be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

wrong_step_idx: 9


id: 326

lecture: A graphic organizer is a chart or picture that shows how ideas, facts, or topics are related to one another. When you read, look for graphic organizers included in the text. You can use these images to find key information. You can also create your own graphic organizers with information that you've read. Doing this can help you think about the ideas in the text and easily review them. When you write, you can use graphic organizers to organize your thoughts and plan your writing.

question: Based on the bubble map, what does the quotation "Vanity, not love, has been my folly" show?

choice: (A) Darcy is stubborn. (B) Elizabeth is judgmental.

context: This bubble map shows traits of characters from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. It also includes quotations from the characters that show these traits.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to accurately analyze and interpret quotations to determine their meaning and implications for the traits of the characters. The wrong rationale mistakenly interprets the quotation as evidence of Darcy's humility, when in fact it is evidence of Elizabeth's judgmental nature. Therefore, the missing skill is the ability to make accurate inferences and draw connections between quotations and character traits.

solution: A bubble map uses lines or arrows to connect things that are related. This bubble map shows traits of characters from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. It also includes quotations from the characters that show these traits. Find the quotation "Vanity, not love, has been my folly" in the bubble map. It is directly connected to judgmental, which is directly connected to Elizabeth. So, the quotation shows that Elizabeth is judgmental.

skill: Read graphic organizers

wrong_step_idx: 9


id: 356

lecture: Figures of speech are words or phrases that use language in a nonliteral or unusual way. They can make writing more expressive. Anaphora is the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of several phrases or clauses. We are united. We are powerful. We are winners. Antithesis involves contrasting opposing ideas within a parallel grammatical structure. I want to help, not to hurt. Apostrophe is a direct address to an absent person or a nonhuman entity. Oh, little bird, what makes you sing so beautifully? Assonance is the repetition of a vowel sound in a series of nearby words. Try to light the fire. Chiasmus is an expression in which the second half parallels the first but reverses the order of words. Never let a fool kiss you or a kiss fool you. A euphemism is a polite or indirect expression that is used to de-emphasize an unpleasant topic. The head of Human Resources would never refer to firing people, only to laying them off. Hyperbole is an obvious exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally. I ate so much that I think I might explode! An oxymoron is a joining of two seemingly contradictory terms. Some reviewers are calling this book a new classic. A paradox is a statement that might at first appear to be contradictory, but that may in fact contain some truth. Always expect the unexpected. Understatement involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. As you know, it can get a little cold in the Antarctic.

question: Which figure of speech is used in this text? The grave's a fine and private place, But none, I think, do there embrace. —Andrew Marvell, "To His Coy Mistress"

choice: (A) understatement (B) paradox

context: N/A

answer: A

Rationale:

generated_skill: The model did not accurately identify the figure of speech used in the text as an understatement.

solution: The text uses understatement, which involves deliberately representing something as less serious or important than it really is. None, I think, do there embrace is an understatement, since people who have died obviously can't do anything at all.

skill: Classify the figure of speech: review

wrong_step_idx: 25


id: 486

lecture: An allusion is a brief mention of something or someone well known, often from mythology, history, or literature. An allusion lets you reference ideas from an entire story in just a few words. "I'd better get home before I turn into a pumpkin!" Lila remarked. Here, Lila alludes to the fairy tale "Cinderella," in which Cinderella must leave the ball before the coach that brought her transforms into a pumpkin. The allusion shows that Lila must depart immediately.

question: What is the source of the allusion in the sentence below? Sappy love songs are Kryptonite to my otherwise stoic father.

choice: (A) U.S. history (B) a comic

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to correctly identify the source of an allusion in a sentence.

solution: The source of the allusion Kryptonite is a comic. Kryptonite, matter from Superman's home planet, is the only thing that can reduce the superhero's strength. The allusion Kryptonite means a source of weakness.

skill: Recall the source of an allusion

wrong_step_idx: 6


id: 502

lecture: A thermometer is a tool that measures temperature. Temperature can be measured in degrees. The symbol for degrees is °. Some thermometers measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (°F). Fahrenheit is one scale used to measure temperature. This is a tube thermometer. It has a tube filled with a red liquid. There is a Fahrenheit scale along the right side of the tube. The top of the red liquid lines up with the number 80 on the scale. So, the temperature shown by this thermometer is 80°F.

question: Select the temperature shown by this thermometer.

choice: (A) 105°F (B) 95°F (C) 70°F

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is accurately reading and interpreting the Fahrenheit scale on the thermometer.

solution: Find the top of the red liquid. Now look at the scale to the right. The top of the red liquid is halfway between 90 and 100. So, the temperature is 95°F.

skill: Read a thermometer

wrong_step_idx: 13


id: 590

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. These pulls and pushes between magnets are called magnetic forces. The strength of a force is called its magnitude. The greater the magnitude of the magnetic force between two magnets, the more strongly the magnets attract or repel each other. You can change the magnitude of a magnetic force between two magnets by changing the distance between them. The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller when there is a greater distance between the magnets.

question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

choice: (A) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2. (B) The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1. (C) The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

context: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: Understanding that the magnitude of the magnetic force is determined by factors such as the strength of the magnets and the distance between them, and that the direction of the force (attraction or repulsion) does not affect the magnitude of the force.

solution: Distance affects the magnitude of the magnetic force. When there is a greater distance between magnets, the magnitude of the magnetic force between them is smaller. There is a greater distance between the magnets in Pair 1 than in Pair 2. So, the magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1 than in Pair 2.

skill: Compare magnitudes of magnetic forces

wrong_step_idx: 14


id: 744

lecture: A solution is made up of two or more substances that are completely mixed. In a solution, solute particles are mixed into a solvent. The solute cannot be separated from the solvent by a filter. For example, if you stir a spoonful of salt into a cup of water, the salt will mix into the water to make a saltwater solution. In this case, the salt is the solute. The water is the solvent. The concentration of a solute in a solution is a measure of the ratio of solute to solvent. Concentration can be described in terms of particles of solute per volume of solvent. concentration = particles of solute / volume of solvent

question: Which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles?

choice: (A) Solution A (B) Solution B (C) neither; their concentrations are the same

context: The diagram below is a model of two solutions. Each yellow ball represents one particle of solute.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this query is the ability to accurately count the number of yellow particles in each solution.

solution: In Solution A and Solution B, the yellow particles represent the solute. To figure out which solution has a higher concentration of yellow particles, look at both the number of yellow particles and the volume of the solvent in each container. Use the concentration formula to find the number of yellow particles per milliliter. Solution B has more yellow particles per milliliter. So, Solution B has a higher concentration of yellow particles.

skill: Compare concentrations of solutions

wrong_step_idx: 11


id: 846

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on.

question: Would you find the word wild on a dictionary page with the following guide words? well - word

choice: (A) no (B) yes

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this scenario is the ability to correctly understand and apply alphabetical order when determining whether a word can be found on a dictionary page with given guide words.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since wild is between the guide words well - word, it would be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

wrong_step_idx: 9


id: 927

lecture: Magnets can pull or push on each other without touching. When magnets attract, they pull together. When magnets repel, they push apart. Whether a magnet attracts or repels other magnets depends on the positions of its poles, or ends. Every magnet has two poles, called north and south. Here are some examples of magnets. The north pole of each magnet is marked N, and the south pole is marked S. If different poles are closest to each other, the magnets attract. The magnets in the pair below attract. If the same poles are closest to each other, the magnets repel. The magnets in both pairs below repel.

question: Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

choice: (A) repel (B) attract

context: Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart.

answer: A

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to determine the correct pole orientation of the magnets in order to determine whether they will attract or repel each other.

solution: Will these magnets attract or repel? To find out, look at which poles are closest to each other. The south pole of one magnet is closest to the south pole of the other magnet. Poles that are the same repel. So, these magnets will repel each other.

skill: Identify magnets that attract or repel

wrong_step_idx: 12