id: 1394

lecture: A grid is made up of lines of squares. They are organized in rows and columns. A grid can help you use a map. A row is a line of squares that goes from side to side. Rows are marked with letters. A column is a line of squares that goes up and down. Columns are marked with numbers.

question: Which i in column 1?

choice: (A) the diner (B) the library (C) the theater (D) the park

context: N/A

answer: D

Rationale:

generated_skill: The model did not accurately identify the correct column for the location of the theater.

solution: The park is in column 1.

skill: Use a letter-number grid

wrong_step_idx: 7


id: 1487

lecture: The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of the particles in the substance. The higher the average kinetic energy of the particles, the higher the temperature of the substance. The kinetic energy of a particle is determined by its mass and speed. For a pure substance, the greater the mass of each particle in the substance and the higher the average speed of the particles, the higher their average kinetic energy.

question: Compare the average kinetic energies of the particles in each sample. Which sample has the higher temperature?

choice: (A) neither; the samples have the same temperature (B) sample B (C) sample A

context: The diagrams below show two pure samples of gas in identical closed, rigid containers. Each colored ball represents one gas particle. Both samples have the same number of particles.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is accurately interpreting the given information about the samples and understanding that the mass of the particles is not provided or relevant in determining the average kinetic energy.

solution: Each particle in sample B has more mass than each particle in sample A. The particles in sample B also have a higher average speed than the particles in sample A. So, the particles in sample B have a higher average kinetic energy than the particles in sample A. Because the particles in sample B have the higher average kinetic energy, sample B must have the higher temperature.

skill: Identify how particle motion affects temperature and pressure

wrong_step_idx: 4


id: 1489

lecture: Scientists record climate data from places around the world. Precipitation, or rain and snow, is one type of climate data. Scientists collect data over many years. They can use this data to calculate the average precipitation for each month. The average precipitation can be used to describe the climate of a location. A bar graph can be used to show the average amount of precipitation each month. Months with taller bars have more precipitation on average.

question: Which month has the lowest average precipitation in London?

choice: (A) November (B) May (C) July

context: Use the graph to answer the question below.

answer: C

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to interpret data from a graph and identify the lowest value. The person analyzing the data did not accurately compare the values on the graph and mistakenly identified May with the lowest average precipitation instead of July.

solution: To describe the average precipitation trends in London, look at the graph. Choice "May" is incorrect. Choice "Jul" is incorrect. Choice "Nov" is incorrect. July has an average monthly precipitation of about 45 millimeters. This is lower than in any other month. So, July has the lowest average precipitation.

skill: Use climate data to make predictions

wrong_step_idx: 6


id: 1497

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? shy - spool

choice: (A) symbol (B) slippery

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The incorrect rationale demonstrates a misunderstanding of how to alphabetize words and determine their order based on the guide words. The missing skill is the ability to accurately sort words in alphabetical order when comparing them to guide words.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since slippery is between the guide words shy - spool, it would be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

wrong_step_idx: 9


id: 1678

lecture: When two organisms of different species interact in a way that affects one or both organisms, they form a symbiotic relationship. The word symbiosis comes from a Greek word that means living together. Scientists define types of symbiotic relationships based on how each organism is affected. This table lists three common types of symbiotic relationships. It shows how each organism is affected in each type of symbiotic relationship. Type of symbiotic relationship | Organism of one species... | Organism of the other species... Commensal | benefits | is not significantly affected Mutualistic | benefits | benefits Parasitic | benefits | is harmed (but not usually killed)

question: Which type of relationship is formed when a megabat eats a fig and drops the fig tree's seeds in a new location?

choice: (A) parasitic (B) mutualistic (C) commensal

context: Read the passage. Then answer the question. Megabats are large-bodied bats that eat fruit, including figs. When a megabat eats a fig, it may also swallow the seeds inside the fig. The bat gets energy from the fruit but cannot digest the seeds. The seeds pass through the bat's digestive system and are disposed of in its feces. The bat often drops the seeds far from the fig tree that produced the fruit. When a seed germinates, or begins to grow, in a new location, it doesn't need to compete with its parent tree for resources. So, both the fig seed and the parent tree have a better chance of surviving. Figure: a megabat carrying a fig away from a fig tree.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill is understanding the concept of mutualistic relationships and how they differ from commensal relationships. The student incorrectly assumed that because the bat benefits from the interaction and the tree is harmed, it must be a commensal relationship. However, in a mutualistic relationship, both organisms benefit from the interaction, which is the case in this scenario.

solution: When a megabat eats a fig, the megabat gets the food it needs to survive and grow. So the megabat benefits from its relationship with the fig tree. Both the fig tree and its seeds have a better chance of surviving when the bat moves the seeds to a new location. So, the fig tree also benefits from its relationship with the megabat. Since both the megabat and the fig tree benefit, a mutualistic relationship is formed when a megabat eats a fig and drops the fig tree's seeds in a new location.

skill: Classify symbiotic relationships

wrong_step_idx: 6


id: 1822

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? slush - star

choice: (A) seventh (B) spray

context: N/A

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill is understanding how to properly alphabetize words and compare letters in order to determine their alphabetical order.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since spray is between the guide words slush - star, it would be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

wrong_step_idx: 9


id: 1866

lecture: A fossil is the preserved evidence of an ancient organism. Some fossils are formed from body parts such as bones or shells. Other fossils, such as footprints or burrows, are formed from traces of an organism's activities. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks usually form in layers. Over time, new layers are added on top of old layers in a series called a rock sequence. The layers in an undisturbed rock sequence are in the same order as when they formed. So, the deeper layers are older than the shallower layers. The relative ages of fossils can be determined from their positions in an undisturbed rock sequence. Older fossils are usually in deeper layers, and younger fossils are usually in shallower layers.

question: Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.

choice: (A) wood (B) mammal tooth

context: This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this query is the ability to analyze the positions of fossils in an undisturbed rock sequence to determine their relative ages.

solution: Look again at the fossils in the rock sequence diagram. Compare the positions of these fossils to determine which one is younger: The mammal tooth fossil is in a shallower layer in the rock sequence than the wood fossil. So, the mammal tooth fossil is most likely younger than the wood fossil.

skill: Compare ages of fossils in a rock sequence

wrong_step_idx: 11


id: 1997

lecture: A food web is a model. A food web shows where organisms in an ecosystem get their food. Models can make things in nature easier to understand because models can represent complex things in a simpler way. If a food web showed every organism in an ecosystem, the food web would be hard to understand. So, each food web shows how some organisms in an ecosystem can get their food. Arrows show how matter moves. A food web has arrows that point from one organism to another. Each arrow shows the direction that matter moves when one organism eats another organism. An arrow starts from the organism that is eaten. The arrow points to the organism that is doing the eating. An organism in a food web can have more than one arrow pointing from it. This shows that the organism is eaten by more than one other organism in the food web. An organism in a food web can also have more than one arrow pointing to it. This shows that the organism eats more than one other organism in the food web.

question: In this food web, which organism contains matter that eventually moves to the bat star?

choice: (A) kelp (B) sea otter (C) orca

context: Below is a food web from an ocean ecosystem in Monterey Bay, off the coast of California. A food web models how the matter eaten by organisms moves through an ecosystem. The arrows in a food web represent how matter moves between organisms in an ecosystem.

answer: A

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this query is the ability to interpret and follow the arrows in a food web to determine the flow of matter in an ecosystem.

solution: Use the arrows to follow how matter moves through this food web. For each answer choice, try to find a path of arrows to the bat star. The only arrow pointing from the sea otter leads to the orca. The only arrow pointing from the orca leads to the sea cucumber. No arrows point from the sea cucumber to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the sea otter to the bat star.There are three paths matter can take from the zooplankton to the bat star: zooplankton->kelp bass->bat star. zooplankton->plainfin midshipman->kelp bass->bat star. zooplankton->black rockfish->kelp bass->bat star. There is one path matter can take from the kelp to the bat star: kelp->kelp bass->bat star. orca. The only arrow pointing from the orca leads to the sea cucumber. No arrows point from the sea cucumber to any other organisms. So, in this food web, matter does not move from the orca to the bat star..

skill: Interpret food webs II

wrong_step_idx: 20


id: 2060

lecture: An adaptation is an inherited trait that helps an organism survive or reproduce. Adaptations can include both body parts and behaviors. The color, texture, and covering of an animal's skin are examples of adaptations. Animals' skins can be adapted in different ways. For example, skin with thick fur might help an animal stay warm. Skin with sharp spines might help an animal defend itself against predators.

question: Which animal is also adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert?

choice: (A) kingsnake (B) horned viper

context: Camels live in dry places such as deserts. The is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. Figure: camel.

answer: B

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill in this case is the ability to accurately observe and analyze the visual characteristics of the animals. The person incorrectly identified the kingsnake as having sand-colored scales, when in fact it does not. They also incorrectly identified the horned viper as not being adapted for camouflage, when in fact it is. The skill needed here is visual observation and recognizing the specific features that contribute to camouflage in a sandy desert environment.

solution: Look at the picture of the camel. The camel has sand-colored fur covering its skin. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. The word camouflage means to blend in. Now look at each animal. Figure out which animal has a similar adaptation. The horned viper has sand-colored scales covering its body. It is adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert. This kingsnake has red, black, and yellow rings on its body. It is not adapted to be camouflaged in a sandy desert.

skill: Animal adaptations: skins and body coverings

wrong_step_idx: 12


id: 2166

lecture: Guide words appear on each page of a dictionary. They tell you the first word and last word on the page. The other words on the page come between the guide words in alphabetical order. To put words in alphabetical order, put them in order by their first letters. If the first letters are the same, look at the second letters. If the second letters are the same, look at the third letters, and so on. If one word is shorter, and there are no more letters to compare, then the shorter word comes first in alphabetical order. For example, be comes before bed.

question: Which word would you find on a dictionary page with the following guide words? pear - pump

choice: (A) princess (B) path

context: N/A

answer: A

Rationale:

generated_skill: The missing skill is understanding the concept of alphabetical order and comparing words based on their letters in order. The person answering the query incorrectly assumes that "path" comes before "princess" because it has fewer letters, rather than comparing the actual letters in the words.

solution: Put the words in alphabetical order. Since princess is between the guide words pear - pump, it would be found on that page.

skill: Use guide words

wrong_step_idx: 9